Concepts of Photoactivation and Light Curing Units in Dental Clinical Practice: a Literature Review
Conceptos de Fotoactivación y Unidades de Fotoactivación en la Práctica Dental Clínica: una Revisión de la Literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v12i9.5929Keywords:
Photoactivation, Light Curing Units, Polymerization, PhotoactivatorAbstract
Introduction: The consolidation of adhesive dentistry occurred through the direct link between light-curing dental materials and light sources, called light-curing devices. Such materials require the emission of light energy to convert monomers, present in their composition, into polymers. Objective: Discuss the basic concepts related to the photoactivation process and the chemistry of polymerization, as well as the evolution of photoactivators, addressing advantages, limitations and basic requirements that the device must present to guarantee a good functioning and avoidance of the subpolymerization of resinous materials. Material and method: This is a literature review elaborated through a bibliographic survey by search in the databases: Pubmed, SciELO and Google Scholar, using the descriptors: photoactivation (fotoativação), light curing units (unidades de fotoativação) and polymerization (polimerização). In total, 42 works were selected to compose this review. Discussion: The use of resin materials has increased significantly in clinical dental practice. This is due to the aesthetic and functional advantages provided by these materials. In view of this, it becomes evident that photoactivation is characterized as a crucial step in the dental restorative process, since the mechanical properties of the composite resin can be negatively affected when the use of light is neglected. Conclusion: It is essential that the dentist understands the basic concepts of light curing and knows the properties of the light curing unit used in his office, paying attention to its periodic maintenance to monitor if the device is in a suitable condition for use, thus avoiding the occurrence of premature failure of dental restorations.
Downloads
References
1. Barata TJ, Carvalho ICR, Uchoa-Junior FA, Firmiano TC, Oliveira AP, Freitas GC, et al. Fuentes de luz de uso clínico en el pre grado: 7 años de seguimento. Rev Estomatol Herediana [online]. 2021;31(1):37-43.
2. Nassar HM, Ajaj R, Hasanain F. Efficiency of light curing units in a government dental school. J Oral Sci. 2018;60(1):142-46.
3. Price RB, Ferracane JL, Shortall AC. Light-curing units: a review of what we need to know. J Dent Res. 2015;94(9):1179-86.
4. Reis A, Loguercio AD. Materiais dentários diretos: dos fundamentos à aplicação clínica. Rio de Janeiro: Santos; 2021.
5. Schneider AC, Mendonça MJ, Rodrigues RB, Busato PMR, Camilotti V. Inlfuência de três modos de fotopolimerização sobre a microdureza de três resinas compostas. Polímeros. 2016;26:37-42.
6. Hamerski F, Celant RB, Mello AMD, Mello FAZ. Resina composta: fotopolimerização relacionada com microinfiltração. Gestão & Saúde. 2015;13:1-10.
7. Silva FJV, Silva EL, Januário MVS, Vasconcelos MG, Vasconcelos RG. Técnicas para reduzir os efeitos da contração de polimerização das resinas compostas fotoativadas. Salusvita. 2017;36(1)187-203.
8. Rueggeberg FA, Giannini M, Arrais CAG, Price RBT. Light curing in dentistry and clinical implications: a literature review. Braz Oral Res. 2017;31;64-91.
9. Assaf C, Fahd JC, Sabbagh J. Assessing dental light-curing units’ output using radiometers: a narrative review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020;10(1):1-8.
10. André CB, Nima G, Sebold M, Giannini M, Price RB. Stability of the light output, oral cavity tip accessibility in posterior region and emission spectrum of light-curing units. Oper Dent. 2018; 43(4):398-407.
11. Price RBT. Light curing in dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 2017;61(4):751-78.
12. Omidi BR, Gosili A, Jaber-Ansari M, Mahdkhah A. Intensity output and effectiveness of light curing units in dental offices. J Clin Exp Dent. 2018; 10(6):e555-e560.
13. Reis A, Loguercio AD. Materiais dentários diretos: dos fundamentos à aplicação clínica. São Paulo: Santos; 2007.
14. Lee HM, Kim SC, Kang KH, Chang NY. Comparison of the bonding strengths of second- and third-generation light-emitting diode light-curing units. Korean J Orthod. 2016;46(6):364-71.
15. Rúbio GR, Lopes Júnior A, Nobre CFA, Freitas MIM, Fraga MAA, Finck NS. The influence of translucent barriers on the effectiveness of dental light curing. Res Soc Develop. 2021;10(7):p.e53910716713.
16. Bezerra ALCA, Días TJC, Durão MA, Monteiro GQM, Gomes ASL. Avaliação do nível de conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia sobre fotopolimerização. Rev ABENO. 2021;21(1):1065.
17. Karacolak G, Turkun LS, Boyacioglu H, Ferracane JL. Influence of increment thickness on radiant energy and microhardness of bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater J. 2018;37(2):206-13.
18. Guimarães GF, Marcelino E, Cesarino I, Vicente FB, Grandini CR, Simões RP. Minimization of polymerization shrinkage effects on composite resins by the control of irradiance during the photoactivation process. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018;26:e20170528.
19. Lima ALX, Souza PH, Amorim DMG, Caldas SGFR, Galvão MR. Avaliação do grau de conversão de resinas compostas fotoativadas em diferentes tempos e potências. RFO. 2016;21(2):219-33.
20. Souza-Junior JHN, Andrade AF, Volpato LER, Tonetto MR, Silva Junior AR, Hirata BS. Evaluation of the light intensity emitted by the light-curing devices of a dental school clinic in the north of Brazil: a pilot study. J Health Sci. 2021;23(1):68-71.
21. AlShaafi MM, Harlow JE, Price HL, Rueggeberg HL, Labrie D, AlQahtani MQ, et al. Emission characteristics and effect of battery drain in “budget” curing lights. Oper Dent. 2016;41(4):397-408.
22. Baratieri LN, Monteiro Jr S, Melo TS, et al. Odontologia Restauradora – Fundamentos e Técnicas (Volume 1). Rio de Janeiro: Santos; 2010.
23. Caldarelli PG, Beltrani FC, Pereira SK, Cardoso SA, Hoeppner MG. Aparelhos fotopolimerizadores: evolução e aplicação clínica – uma revisão da literatura. Odontol Clín-Cient. 2011;10(4):317-21.
24. Craig RG, Powers JM, Sakaguchi RL. Materiais dentários restauradores. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2012.
25. Gonçalves LS, Gonçalves MB, Martins MM, Freitas GC, Lopes LG, Barata TJE. Clinical effectiveness of light-curing units of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Goias. RSBO. 2013;10(3):228-33.
26. Shimokawa CAK, Turbino ML, Harlow JE, Price HL, Price RB. Light output from six battery operated dental curing lights. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016;69:1036-42.
27. Torres CRG, Torres ACM, Borges AB, Gomes APM. Odontologia Restauradora - Estética e Funcional: Princípios para a Prática Clínica. São Paulo: Santos; 2013.
28. Price RB. Avoiding Pitfalls When Using a Light-Curing Unit. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2013;3(4):304-5.
29. Correia IB, Teixeira HM, Nascimento ABL, Costa SX, Galindo RM, Azevedo LM, et al. Avaliação da intensidade de luz, da manutenção e do método de utilização dos fotopolimerizadores utilizados nos consultórios da cidade de Caruaru - PE. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2005;34(3):113-18.
30. Baldi RL, Teider LD, Leite TM, Martins R, Delgado LAC, Pereira SK. Intensidade de luz de aparelhos fotopolimerizadores utilizados no curso de odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa. UEPG Ci Biol Saúde. 2005;11(1):39-46.
31. Suliman AA, Abdo AA, Elmasmari HA. Training and experience effect on light-curing efficiency by dental practitioners. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(6):652-59.
32. Anusavice KJ. Phillips - Materiais Dentários. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2005.
33. Kopperud SE, Rukke HV, Kopperud HM, Bruzell EM. Light curing procedures – performance, knowledge level and safety awareness among dentists. J Dent. 2017;58:67-73.
34. Par M, Repusic I, Skenderovic H, Milat O, Spajic J, Tarle Z. The effects of extended curing time and radiant energy on microhardness and temperature rise of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(10):3777-788.
35. Ribeiro RAO, Lima FFC, Lima IM, Nascimento ABL, Teixeira HM. Avaliação da intensidade de luz e da manutenção dos aparelhos fotopolimerizadores utilizados em clínicas odontológicas da cidade do Recife-PE. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2016;45(6):351-55.
36. Tongtaksin A, Leevailoj C. Battery charge affects the stability of light intensity from light-emitting diode light-curing units. Oper Dent. 2017;42(5):497-504.
37. Mutluay MM, Rueggeberg FA, Price RB. Effect of using proper light-curing techniques on energy delivered to a Class 1 restaration. Quintessence Int. 2014;45(7):549-56.
38. Shimokawa CAK, Turbino ML, Giannini M, Braga RR, Price RB. Effect of light curing units on the polymerization of bulk fill resin based composites. Dent Mater. 2018;34(8):1211-21.
39. Freitas SAA, Costa JF, Bauer JRO. Avaliação da intensidade da luz dos aparelhos fotopolimerizadores utilizados em clínicas odontológicas de São Luís – MA. Rev Pesq Saúde. 2011;12(2):27-31.
40. Scariot RC, Calza JV, Casali JL. Abordagem dos cirurgiões dentistas em relação a fotopolimerização de resinas compostas. J Oral Investig. 2017;6(1):38-49.
41. Marson FC, Mattos R, Sensi LG. Avaliação das condições de uso dos fotopolimerizadores. Dentística. 2010;9(19):15-20.
