The Importance of Occlusion in the Stability and Effectiveness of Complete Dentures: a Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v14i8.6612Keywords:
Complete Denture, Dental Occlusion, Balanced, MasticationAbstract
Introduction: Complete dentures (CD) are an essential therapeutic resource for edentulous patients, aiming to restore masticatory, phonetic, and aesthetic functions while improving the patient's quality of life. However, the stability and retention of CDs, especially in the mandible, pose significant clinical challenges due to bone resorption and fibromucosa adaptation. Occlusion plays a fundamental role in the functionality of dentures, influencing the distribution of masticatory loads, retention, and patient comfort. Occlusal schemes such as bilateral balanced occlusion (BBO) and lingualized occlusion (LO) have been widely studied to optimize the performance of CDs. Objective: This study aims to review the literature on the relationship between dental occlusion, stability, and the effectiveness of complete dentures, analyzing different occlusal schemes and their clinical implications. Methodology: A literature review was conducted through searches in the BVS and PubMed databases, using the descriptors "Complete denture," "Dental occlusion," and "Mastication," combined with the Boolean operator "AND." Results: Balanced bilateral occlusion is the most common, but other options, such as lingualized occlusion, are also indicated for edentulous patients who use complete dentures. Correct determination of the vertical dimension of occlusion is essential for successful treatment and prevention of dysfunctions related to the stability of the complete denture. Discussion: There is a lack of consensus regarding the superiority of different occlusal schemes. While some authors advocate BBO because it offers greater stability for patients with satisfactory alveolar ridges, other authors argue that LO is the most advantageous in cases of bone resorption, in addition to those who highlight NBO for its simplicity, lower cost and greater clinical acceptance. Conclusion: Occlusal schemes such as BBO and LO should be chosen according to the patient's clinical conditions, such as the presence or absence of bone resorption. And the correct determination of the DVO is essential, since deviations in this measurement can compromise the functionality and patient satisfaction.
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